Sometimes, integrated refers to a system in which the library functions are processed in a main bibliographic file. By the mid to late s, library management system vendors not only the number of services offered but also their prices leading to some dissatisfaction among many smaller libraries.
At the same time open source Integrated Library System was in its early stages of testing. Most reasons noted from these were to avoid vendor lock in, license fees and participate in software development.
The much needed freedom from vendors also allowed libraries to prioritize need according to urgency, as opposed to what their vendor can offer. Recently, libraries which have moved to open source integrated library system have found that vendors are now more likely to provide quality service in order to continue a partnership since they are no longer having the power of owing the Integrated Library System software and tying down libraries to strict contracts.
Library project system that offers many flexible and convenient features, allowing librarians and library users to maximize time and efficiency. Library system gives all the detailed information about students, staffs and books, it will track the books available in the library and the books that have been issued to the library users students. It shows popular books among the students.
It will provide book lost in the library. It keeps records of the supplier and the book binders. Manage Book and Member Record with help of Barcode. Data can be search by feeding Purchase Order number, Invoice number, and Supplier name. Circulation:Library Management Software enables the complete management of multiple Item issue and return of books using Manual or Barcode Scanner.
Alert through Email:Admin can send mail to members, vendors, or any other people from the software. Multiple Library Setup: Library management software can setup at different locations. Export All Report into Excel, Word:Admin can take all the details which are displayed in the reports into excel and word file. Handles donated items, free items and keep track of donors:Some library items are free or some person donates the item. So Library management software keeps track of those items. Provide Multi User environment:Library management software gives facility of multi user environment.
Multiple users can login at the same time in the Library management software. Also one can maintain media with its own specifications rather than common and define the specification you want for that media, for book pages, ISDN number, type, volume. Custom Field Indices:Library Software provides sorted data on required fields by clicking on the column header that is if clicked on publisher the data will be sorted on publisher.
Lock System:Lock the subject or group of the member, so that media can't be issued which falls under this criteria. One can in this way restrict the issuing of the media. Circulation:Easy operation of circulation by entering the code of media, get all the information related to the media and the number. Name, group, media type. Easy Navigation and Updating: Selecting an option from the given menu provides all the data related to that option in tabular format in a user friendly manner.
Customize:one can customize the system to feel easier for data entry also while adding records user can keep form in 'add' mode. Define Holidays. And Set the criteria of issuing the book if member is requested for media or not. Scrap-Type:Define their own scrap type for scraping the media.
Provides scrap runner utility to record the number of scrap media. Reports 2. Improved customer services through greater access to accurate information ii. Increased productivity and job satisfaction among staff members as it eliminates duplication of effort iii. More economical and safer means of storing and keeping of information iv. Easier access to information like management reports and stock etc. Reduces errors and eliminating of ennui of long and repetitive manual processing vi.
Greater accountability and transparency in operations vii. Improved efficiency and effectiveness in administration and management as it has unprecedented access to real- time information. More reliable security for sensitive and confidential information. Appropriate knowledge —based action and intervention can now take place in a timelier manner.
KOHA is being said to be an integrated software system with all the required models for small to very large libraries Neelakandan et al. The limitations of his research was based on: i. Lack of Infrastructure facility ii. Lack of Environment support iii. Lack of Financial Resources Koy yeeh keat, in his research developed a library management system which could be mainly used by member and staff of the library.
The system allows members search for books and reserve books through website so that they can save their time and cost to travel from one place to another to use the library as well as know what the book entails in the library.
In the system developed, staffs can also be able to add news and also view reports with several criteria as well as add, edit and delete news. The system developed was aimed at allowing users to reserve books via online, to convenient user borrowing books via online, implementing email technologies to the website, implementing SMS technologies to the system, designing a friendly graphical interface which would suit the users.
In the designing of the system, various modules were considered which are the: i. Authorization and authentication module ii. Search module iv. Books maintenance module v. News maintenance module vi. Email module vii. Publisher maintenance module ix. Employee maintenance module etc. The software used in the research entails the use of Microsoft products like the Microsoft visual studio for the website development and ASP.
Mainly the software and hardware requirement used in his research were: i. Operating system: windows 7 professional ii. Development tools and programming language: Microsoft visual studio and VB.
NET iv. Ram: 2 GB The methodology used in the research was the waterfall model which entails the system planning, requirement analysis, system design, programming, system testing and the evaluation. Ashutosh Tripathi, and Ashish Srivastaval, developed a system which is a library management software for monitoring controlling the transactions in a library.
In their study they came up with a Library Management System which was developed in java and mainly focuses on basic operations in a library like adding new member, new books, and updating new information, searching books and members and facility to borrow and return books.
The system these two developed was an automated Library Management System. The system they developed has the following advantages. User friendly interface, Fast access to database, less error, More Storage Capacity, Search facility, Look and Feel Environment All the manual difficulties in managing the Library were rectified by implementing computerization.
The software which was designed can help users maintain and organize library making the software very easy to use for both beginners and advanced users. The system was made to run on Windows 98 or Windows NT4. Several user friendly coding were also adopted. The system developed also has a facility of admin login through which the admin can monitor the whole system etc. Improvement in control and performance. Save cost.
Save time. Option of online Notice board where Librarian will be able to provide a detailed description of workshops going in the college as well as in nearby colleges etc.
The software and hardware requirement in the designing of the system were: i. Operating system- Windows 7 ii. Intel core i5 2nd generation is used as a processor v. Sarawut Markchit system was able to acquire material as quickly as possible, maintain a high level of accuracy in all work procedures, and keep work processes simple, in order to achieve the lowest possible unit cost and develop close, friendly working relationships with other library units and vendors. In his methodology he was able to make use qualitative methods using structured interviews.
Information were being gathered by the virtue of this. The system was developed using some instruments used for the development which were visual studio. NET for web-based application, HTML5 for mobile application, web-service for data communication with the component and connected to staff system of this University, Microsoft SQL server for database management and longest matching algorithm for data retrieval.
A number of studies have been conducted to explore the problems faced by librarians. Given section reviews the studies conducted at International level in general and particularly in developing countries to investigate the problems confronted by the librarians.
Adomi and Anie, in their research on computer literacy skills of professionals in Nigerian University libraries concluded that most of the professionals do not poses high level of computer skill and their use of computer and technology is still maturing.
Johnson, viewed library and information science education in developing countries. He concluded that LIS programs in developing countries continue to suffer from lack of financial support by governments. Rahman, Khatun and Islam, reviewed the library education in Bangladesh. The study found that majority of institutions in Bangladesh do not have well-equipped computer labs or sufficient numbers of computers for students.
A sufficient number of classification and cataloguing tools DDC, LC, Sears list of subject headings for practical were not present. Many institutions either have no library or inadequate collection of textbooks. In Nepal, Siwakoti, found that there was no government agency to control, monitor and evaluate the school libraries activities. There was lack of awareness programs, budgetary constraints, inadequate space, inadequate library materials, lack of trained and skilled manpower and lack of appropriate government policy and lack of information literacy.
Ademodi and Adepoju, investigated the computer skill among librarians in academic libraries on Ondo and Ekiti State in Nigeria. It was found the shortage of computers and computer skills among professionals.
The study recommended that more attention and funds should be provided for training and procurement of ICT infrastructure in Nigerian University libraries. For computerization purpose, library administration should solicit funds and assistant from foreign agencies and foundations who are interested for the cause.
Dasgupta, searched out that in India there is non-existent of norms and standards for the education of librarians. Study suggested that the Government of India should play a leading role in promoting LIS education in India, by creating more job opportunities for LIS professionals and removing disparity in pay scales among LIS professionals.
In Iran Gavgani, Shokraneh and Shiramin, concluded that librarians do not have traditional skills and sufficient background knowledge to meet the changing needs of their customers. They need to be empowered by new skills and information before going to empower their patrons.
Need for changing the syllabus of medical library and information science education in Iran was also felt. They are gather information, design and implementation and final testing. Within these three sections, different tactics will be adopted so that we can design a system that can maintain high usability and accessibility.
Below are some ideas to the process 3. Before starting to implement the system, interviews will be made to get readers view on the system before having the design works being done. Interviews would be done to investigate and identify the scenario that libraries were going through in embarking on automation projects having embraced library automation.
The library is a major means of data gathering and as well a case study for the proposed system. In line with this the major method of information gathering for the system is the library and observation method via observing the staff and operation of the library. The system involves that all library user details will be taken on a white and black method. Loss of Data: A lot of paper works are needed for the safe keeping of the details of books borrowed by a registered user.
Time Wasting: User time are wasted as a result of searching for a book that has been borrowed by a user whose record cannot be traced on the paper records. Error Prone: The existing system of operation is prone to error. Tedious: It is tedious because it must take a routine v. Processing Speed: The processing speed is very low resulting into low output. It has the following features. The administrator registers the applicant with their name as the first and last name, matriculation number, department etc.
An applicant is allowed to log into the system with his name and generated password which is given at the point of registration. The administrator goes into the report to view the details of a particular user. Some of which are stated below: i. It eliminates the presence of the audience or fellow colleague who can whisper the result to their friends.
It is free from biasness all users are served equally. It provides an immediate form of response to every user. It facilitates easy learning. Top down approach is used as well in the design because it allows the analysis of the system to be carried out one after the other. In this stage, the first goal will be decided by task analysis.
Next, the prototype of the system will be analysed. Then test will be made on its usability and design with some design theories. Thus the prototype will be correspondingly looked at. Then a more complete prototype will be tested by potential users to collect feedbacks. Finally, the system will be finalized with the amendment on some problems of the user interface. Operating system- Windows 8 is used as the operating system as it is stable and supports more features and is more user friendly ii.
Development tools and Programming language- HTML is used to write the whole code and develop webpages with cascading style sheet, java script for styling work and hypertext pre-processor PHP for sever side scripting. The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web pages.
It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. CSS is a cornerstone specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to describe their presentation. CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colours, and fonts.
This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content such as by allowing for table less web design. CSS can also allow the same mark-up page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader and on Braille-based, tactile devices.
It can also be used to allow the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed. It is most commonly used as part of web browsers, whose implementations allow client- side scripts to interact with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that is displayed.
It is also being used in server-side programming, game development and the creation of desktop and mobile applications. JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and has first- class functions.
Its syntax was influenced by C. JavaScript copies many names and naming conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have very different semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the self and Scheme programming languages. It is a multi- paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.
PHP- PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP is now installed on more than million websites and 2. PHP code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the resulting web page: PHP commands can be embedded directly into an HTML source document rather than calling an external file to process data.
It has also evolved to include a command-line interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers and also as a standalone shell on almost every operating system and platform, free of charge.
It is named after co-founder Michael Widenius daughter, My. For commercial use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional functionality. Intel core i5 2nd generation is used as a processor because it is fast than other processors and it is very reliable and we can as well run our pc for long time with the Intel core i5. By using this processor we can keep on developing our project without any worries.
Ram 4 GB is used as it will provide fast reading and writing capabilities and will in turn support in processing. It produces a consistent frame work of tasks and deliverables needed to develop systems.
The SDLC methodology may be condensed to include automated or manual, whether it is a new system, or an enhancement to existing system.
The SDLC methodology tracks a project from an idea developed by the user through feasibility study, systems analysis and design, programming , pilot testing, implementation and post implementation analysis, The development methods that intend to use for the library management system is the V- model which may be considered as an extension of the waterfall model, it offers a mean of making the development process more visible.
A system prototype can be developed to give end-user a concrete impression on the system capabilities. System life cycle is an organisational process of developing and maintaining systems, its helps in establishing a system project plans because it gives overall list of process and sub processes required developing a system.
System development life cycle means combination of various activities. In other words various activities put together are referred to as system development life cycle. In the system analysis and design terminology system development life cycle is known to be software development life cycle, the following are the different phases of software development life cycle. Software concept, Requirement analysis, Architectural design, Coding and debugging, System testing, Implementation, Maintenance.
Instead of moving down in a linear way, the process steps are bent upwards after the coding phase, to form the typical V shape. The V-Model demonstrates the relationships between each phase of the development life cycle and its associated phase of testing. The horizontal and vertical axes represents time or project completeness left-to-right and level of abstraction coarsest- grain abstraction uppermost , respectively.
This phase is concerned with establishing what the ideal system has to perform. However it does not determine how the software will be designed or built. Usually, the users are interviewed and a document called the user requirements document is generated. It is used by business analysts to communicate their understanding of the system to the users. The users carefully review this document as this document would serve as the guideline for the system designers in the system design phase.
The user acceptance tests are designed in this phase. There are different methods for gathering requirements of both soft and hard methodologies including; interviews, questionnaires, document analysis, observation, throw-away prototypes, use cases and static and dynamic views with users. The requirement documentation will be referred throughout the rest of the system development process to ensure the developing project along with the need and requirements.
Systems design is the phase where system engineers analyse and understand the business of the proposed system by studying the user requirements document. They figure out possibilities and techniques by which the user requirements can be implemented. If any of the requirements are not feasible, the user is informed of the issue.
A resolution is found and the user requirement document is edited accordingly. This document contains the general system organization, menu structures, data structures etc. It may also hold example business scenarios, sample windows, reports for the better understanding. Other technical documentation like entity diagrams, data dictionary will also be produced in this phase.
The documents for system testing are prepared. The baseline in selecting the architecture is that it should realize all which typically consists of the list of modules, brief functionality of each module, their interface relationships, dependencies, database tables, architecture diagrams, technology details etc.
The integration testing design is carried out in the particular phase. After the requirements have been determined the necessary specifications for the hardware, software and people and data resources and the information products that will satisfy the functional requirement of the proposed system can be determined. The design will serve as a blueprint for the system before these errors or problems are built into the system.
The designed system is broken up into smaller units or modules and each of them is explained so that the programmer can start coding directly. It has also a facility where student after logging in their accounts can see list of books issued and its issue date and return date and also the students can request the librarian to add new books by filling the book request form.
The librarian after logging into his account ie admin account can generate various reports such as student report , issue report, teacher report and book report Overall this project of ours is being developed to help the students as well as staff of library to maintain the library in the best way possible and also reduce the human efforts.
Books and student maintenance modules are also included in this system which would keep track of the students using the library and also a detailed description about the books a library contains. With this computerized system there will be no loss of book record or member record which generally happens when a non computerized system is used.
In addition, report module is also included in Library Management System. All these modules are able to help librarian to manage the library with more convenience and in a more efficient way as compared to library systems which are not computerized. The functional and non functional requirements are included in SRS part to provide complete description and overview of system requirement before the developing process is carried out.
Besides that, existing vs proposed provides a view of how the proposed system will be more efficient than the existing one. It reduces the risk of paper work such as file lost, file damaged and time consuming. It can help user to manage the transaction or record more effectively and time- saving. Some times due to some human error there may be a loss of records. Besides some natural disaster like floods or fires may also damage the files. The system can add user, validate user and is also bug free.
They are required to enter user id and password before they are allowed to enter the system. The user id and password will be verified and if invalid id is there user is allowed to not enter the system. Functional requirements -user id is provided when they register -The system must only allow user with valid id and password to enter the system -The system performs authorization process which decides what user level can acess to.
Functional requirements -System must be able to verify information -System must be able to delete information if information is wrong 1. Functional requirements - System must be able to search the database based on select search type - System must be able to filter book based on keyword enterd - System must be able to show the filtered book in table view 1.
Functional requirements -System must be able to enter issue information in database. By using this processor we can keep on developing our project without any worries. Existing system does not have a facility of online reservation of books whereas proposed system has a facility of online reservation of books iii. Existing system does not have any facility of online notice board where description of workshops happening in our college as well as nearby colleges is being provided.
Existing system does not has any option of lectures notes uploaded by teachers whereas proposed system will have this facility v. Existing system does not have any facility to generate student reports as well book issue reports whereas proposed system provides librarian with a tool to generate reports vi.
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag they are also called opening tags and closing tags. In between these tags web designers can add text, further tags, comments and other types of text-based content. The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites.
HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items.
CSS is a cornerstone specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to describe their presentation. CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader and on Braille-based, tactile devices.
It can also be used to allow the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed. While the author of a document typically links that document to a CSS file, readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to override the one the author has specified. However if the author or the reader did not link the document to a specific style sheet the default style of the browser will be applied.
CSS specifies a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if more than one rule matches against a particular element.
In this so-called cascade, priorities or weights are calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are predictable. It is most commonly used as part of web browsers, whose implementations allow client-side scripts to interact with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that is displayed. It is also being used in server-side programming, game development and the creation of desktop and mobile applications.
JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and has first- class functions. Its syntax was influenced by C.
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